EMEA — policy, standards & engagement

Resources

Industry & Policy Resources

Fact cards, reports, briefings, and educational materials focused on EMEA, collected in one place.

September 14, 2026

GBBC Responds to Consultation on Future UK Retail Payments Infrastructure

GBBC’s response to the Bank of England’s retail payments consultation focuses on competition, liquidity and practical access to the future infrastructure.

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September 9, 2026

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) & Vaults | GSMI 7.0

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) and vaults are quietly reshaping the future of automated finance—and GBBC's Global Standards Mapping Initiative (GSMI) 7.0 just dropped the ultimate blueprint.

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September 7, 2026

GBBC Responds to the Wholesale Digital Markets Champion’s First Report

GBBC has submitted its comments on the Wholesale Digital Markets Champion’s first report, which sets out a programme for developing scalable tokenised wholesale markets in the UK.

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August 6, 2026

IJBL Volume XV

Published August 2026.

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July 31, 2026

GBBC Responds to FCA Guidance Consultation GC26/5

GBBC has submitted its response to the Financial Conduct Authority’s GC26/5 on proposed non-Handbook guidance for the CRYPTOPRU 7 overall risk assessment.

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July 29, 2026

UK Summer Update (2026)

This resource provides a timely overview of how the FCA, Bank of England, and HM Treasury are advancing a coordinated UK regulatory framework for cryptoassets, systemic stablecoins, and digital payments.

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July 1, 2026

EU Digital Assets: MiCA Update

MiCA’s deadline has arrived, reshaping the EU crypto market as unlicensed firms exit, authorized CASPs consolidate activity, and Europe’s single-market framework moves into its next phase of review.

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June 8, 2026

GBBC’s 101 Real-World Blockchain Use Cases Handbook | 2026 Edition

This Handbook is a valuable reference guide for government agencies, regulators, and central banks worldwide.

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June 5, 2026

GBBC Response to the FCA’s Consultation Paper CP26/13 | Cryptoasset Perimeter Guidance (PERG 19)

GBBC has submitted its response to the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA)’s Consultation Paper CP26/13 on cryptoasset perimeter guidance (PERG 19).

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May 22, 2026

GBBC Response to HM Treasury on the Draft Statutory Instrument amending the FSMA 2000 (Cryptoassets) Regulations 2026

GBBC has submitted our response to HM Treasury on the draft statutory instrument amending the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Cryptoassets) Regulations 2026.

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May 19, 2026

UK Digital Assets: Q2 2026 Update

To cut through a noisy few months, GBBC and the APPG on Digital Markets Digital Money have put the picture on a single page: "UK Digital Assets - Q2 2026 Update."

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April 22, 2026

GBBC Response to the ECB Appia Consultation

GBBC has submitted its response to the European Central Bank’s consultation on Appia, the Eurosystem’s roadmap for a future European tokenized wholesale financial ecosystem.

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March 16, 2026

IJBL Fact Card

Since 2021, GBBC has released the International Journal of Blockchain Law (IJBL), an open access online journal written and edited by lawyers, designed to help business and non-legal communities better understand the world of blockchain and digital assets.

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March 5, 2026

GBBC Davos Member Roundtable: 2026 Global Priorities

The roundtable focused on aligning GBBC and members around top global priorities for 2026, with emphasis on strategic policy engagement and member-led workstreams.

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March 4, 2026

IJBL Volume XIV

Published March 2026.

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February 13, 2026

GBBC Response to FCA CP25/41 – Admissions & Disclosures and Market Abuse Regime for Cryptoassets

GBBC has submitted its response to the FCA’s CP25/41. We welcome the FCA’s work to develop a more consistent admissions, disclosure and market abuse framework for cryptoassets, and we broadly support the direction of travel.

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February 12, 2026

GBBC Response to FCA CP25/40 – Regulating Cryptoasset Activities

GBBC has submitted its response to the Financial Conduct Authority’s CP25/40. We welcome the FCA’s continued engagement and broadly support the direction of travel towards a workable UK regime that protects consumers and supports fair, orderly markets.

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February 10, 2026

GBBC Response to Swiss Federal Council Consultation on Stablecoins and Cryptoasset Services (FinIA Amendments)

GBBC has submitted its response to the Swiss Federal Council consultation on proposed amendments to Switzerland’s framework for stable crypto-based payment instruments and cryptoasset services.

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January 20, 2026

2025 Annual Report: "The Integration Era: Frameworks, Standards, and Real-World Impact"

GBBC is pleased to release our 2025 Annual Report, showcasing how our community delivered proof of performance across our core pillars of education, partnerships, and standards.

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January 12, 2026

UK January Update: New Year, New Chapter For Digital Finance

The UK is entering the build phase: turning digital finance into regulated market infrastructure through crypto perimeter rules, systemic stablecoin safeguards, and supervised pathways to launch.

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December 29, 2025

GSMI 6.0: Executive Summary - AI Convergence

GSMI 6.0 includes Executive Summaries, providing an outline of what is inside each in-depth report. Explore the GSMI 6.0: AI Convergence Report Executive Summary here.

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December 16, 2025

GSMI 6.0: Full Update

GSMI 6.0 builds upon previous releases since 2020 by mapping, cataloging, and analyzing data from 230+ jurisdictions & 6 international bodies, 100+ standards bodies, 130+ degree/certificate programs, and 2000+ stakeholders in the blockchain and digital assets ecosystem. GSMI 6.0 also produced 7 standalone reports with visuals on key themes. These resources provide a holistic view of the industry’s global activity.

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December 10, 2025

UAE Digital Dirham and Stablecoins Fact Card

This "Just the Facts” card breaks down how the UAE’s Digital Dirham and coordinated virtual-asset and stablecoin framework are shaping a resilient, programmable, and globally connected payments future.

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December 1, 2025

GSMI 6.0: Digital Identity & Privacy Report

The objective of this paper is to discuss the role of digital identity in fostering the responsible growth of Web3 without compromising on data privacy. As decentralized applications, tokenized assets, and blockchain-based solutions scale without jurisdictional boundaries, the need for trusted identity frameworks becomes critical.

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November 26, 2025

GSMI 6.0: AI Convergence Report

AI deployment has moved from pilot to production – across content, decision support, and domain copilots. The upside is material; so are the risks. In the face of this trend, and the opportunities and risks it represents, this paper takes a position that is pragmatic: evaluating the use of blockchain strategically to make AI verifiable.

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November 25, 2025

GSMI 6.0: Tokenization & Custody Report

Tokenization refers to the process of tracking the ownership of traditional assets like treasuries, stocks, and bonds on a blockchain. This may also convert rights to an asset into a digital token on a blockchain. It is a widely used concept, relevant for many contexts in the blockchain and digital assets space.

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November 12, 2025

GBBC Response to FCA Consultation Paper CP25/25 (Part II)

GBBC has submitted its response to the FCA’s CP25/25 (Part II), covering high-level standards, governance, operational resilience, outsourcing, and financial-crime requirements for cryptoasset firms entering the FSMA regime. Our response supports the FCA’s direction of embedding crypto within existing financial-services standards, while highlighting the need for clear mapping guidance, proportionate calibration, and international coherence (particularly with MiCA and DORA).

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November 12, 2025

GSMI 6.0: Supply Chains & Critical Minerals Report

From smartphones and semiconductors to wind turbines and EV batteries, critical minerals power our interconnected world. Yet, their supply chains remain some of the most complex systems in global trade. GSMI 6.0 explores how blockchain and distributed ledger technology (DLT) can strengthen transparency, traceability, and trust across these vital networks – enhancing accountability, due diligence, and sustainability.

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November 7, 2025

GBBC Response to the ICO Consultation on Distributed-Ledger Technologies and Data Protection

GBBC has submitted its response to the UK Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) consultation on how data-protection law applies to distributed-ledger technologies.

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November 7, 2025

GSMI 6.0: Technical Standards Report

Technical standards for blockchain and digital assets, as in any new technology, are fundamental to ensure safety, reliability, and further innovation. Technical standards are fundamental for all use cases and sectors in which this technology is being adopted.

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November 5, 2025

International Journal of Blockchain Law - Volume XIII

Published November 2025.

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October 24, 2025

UNGA Encore Report 2025 (September 25, 2025)

On September 25, 2025, GBBC's 8th Annual Blockchain Central UNGA convened in New York City to examine how blockchain-powered solutions can accelerate progress toward the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

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October 15, 2025

GBBC Response to FCA CP25/25 – Discussion Chapters: Consumer Duty, Conduct of Business, Product Governance, and Access to Redress

GBBC welcomes the FCA’s principles-based approach and its commitment to proportionate, outcomes-focused regulation. We stand ready to assist the FCA in refining guidance for implementation

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September 8, 2025

GBBC Submits Response to UK Law Commission's Consultation – Digital Assets & Electronic Trade Documents in Private International Law

GBBC, with input from its members, has submitted its response to the Law Commission’s consultation on private international law aspects of digital assets and electronic trade documents (ETDs)

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September 1, 2025

EU Legislative Process

For industry stakeholders, now is a crucial moment to understand how trilogue negotiations and parliamentary processes truly work in the EU. GBBC has prepared a fact card as a resource to help navigate this complex procedural landscape

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September 1, 2025

Just the Facts Series: The 'Stable' Divide | USA vs EU vs HK Approach to Regulating Stablecoins

GBBC breaks down the key differences between two seminal pieces of stablecoin legislation in the USA, EU, and Hong Kong.

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August 27, 2025

Just the Facts: EU Legislative Process

For industry stakeholders, now is a crucial moment to understand how trilogue negotiations and parliamentary processes truly work in the EU. GBBC has prepared a fact card as a resource to help navigate this complex procedural landscape

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July 31, 2025

GBBC Submits Responses to UK FCA CP25/15 – Prudential Regime for Cryptoasset Firms

GBBC supports the FCA’s goals of market integrity and resilience, but cautions that the current proposals may introduce unnecessary complexity, especially for decentralized or early-stage firms

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July 31, 2025

GBBC Response to UK FCA CP25/14 – Stablecoin Issuance and Cryptoasset Custody

GBBC supports the FCA’s objectives but raises concerns about legal ambiguity, operational complexity, and market competitiveness under the current proposals

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July 9, 2025

Digital Money, Markets & Payments Series: Foreign Exchange (FX) Spot Markets

FX Spot Markets support global trade and monetary operations. Click the fact card to learn more.

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July 7, 2025

GBBC Response to FCA Consultation Paper CP25/16 – Retail Access to Cryptoasset ETNs (cETNs)

GBBC welcomes this proposal as a proportionate and risk-sensitive evolution of the UK regulatory perimeter, aligned with international competitiveness and the maturing cryptoasset infrastructure.

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June 30, 2025

International Journal of Blockchain Law - Volume XII

Published June 2025.

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June 27, 2025

Supply Chain Leadership in the USA | Blockchain Central DC Roundtable Recap

Highlighted the need for harmonized data standards to increase traceability, transparency, and efficiency in global supply chains. (Led by BITA Standards Council (BITA))

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June 13, 2025

GBBC Response to FCA Discussion Paper 25/1: Regulating Cryptoasset Activities

We remain committed to helping shape a regulatory environment that supports responsible innovation and maintains the UK’s leadership in digital finance.

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June 10, 2025

GBBC’s 101 Real-World Blockchain Use Cases Handbook

This Handbook is a valuable reference guide for government agencies, regulators, and central banks worldwide.

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June 9, 2025

GBBC Response to the EDPB’s Draft Guidelines 02/2025 on Processing of Personal Data through Blockchain Technologies

We welcome this important opportunity to contribute to a balanced framework that protects data privacy while enabling responsible blockchain innovation in Europe.

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May 23, 2025

GBBC's Response to HM Treasury’s Draft Statutory Instruments on Cryptoassets

GBBC welcomes this important step toward legal clarity for cryptoassets in the UK. Our response focuses on ensuring the final framework is both operationally clear and innovation-friendly.

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May 15, 2025

Just the Facts Series: Supply Chains

Supply chains power the global economy, moving trillions in goods each year and connecting industries across continents. Learn more in this fact card.

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May 1, 2025

Just the Facts Series: UK’s Draft Statutory Instruments on Cryptoassets (HM Treasury)

GBBC's fact card breaking down UK’s Draft Statutory Instrument on Cryptoassets, published by HM Treasury on April 29, 2025

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May 1, 2025

Just the Facts Series: UK’s Draft Statutory Instruments on Cryptoassets

Following ongoing regulatory developments in the UK, GBBC published a fact card breaking down the UK’s Draft Statutory Instruments on Cryptoassets, published by HM Treasury on April 29, 2025

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April 22, 2025

GBBC Response to ESMA Consultation on MiCA Knowledge & Competence Guidelines

GBBC and our members have submitted a response to the ESMA Consultation Paper on Guidelines for the assessment of knowledge and competence under MiCA.

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March 19, 2025

What is Decentralized Finance (DeFi)?

Access GSMI 5.0's fact card “What is Decentralized Finance (DeFi)?” below, featuring the tech stack, key features, key takeaways, governance, and opportunities for DeFi as it continues to evolve.

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March 14, 2025

GBBC Submits Response to UK FCA Discussion Paper 24/4: Regulating Cryptoassets

GBBC, with the help of our members, is pleased to have submitted a response to UK FCA Discussion Paper 24/4: Regulating Cryptoassets – Admissions & Disclosures and Market Abuse Regime for Cryptoassets

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February 26, 2025

International Journal of Blockchain Law - Volume XI

Published February 2025.

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January 6, 2025

GBBC Summits Response to HM Treasury

GBBC appreciates HM Treasury’s initiative to develop a growth plan for the UK’s financial services sector

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November 4, 2024

GBBC Submits Response to BoE Consultation on Approach to Innovation in Money and Payments

GBBC is delighted to share our response to the Bank of England's consultation on its approach to innovation in money and payments.

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October 30, 2024

Just the Facts Series: EU Fact Cards Part I: Key European Entities & Key European Institutions

Learn more about the E.U., European entities, and key E.U. institutions.

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August 12, 2024

Just the Facts Series: About Global Layer One (GL1)

"Global Layer One", a whitepaper focused on the development of a foundation layer for financial networks, was released in June 2024

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June 25, 2024

GBBC Submits Response to ESMA75-453128700-1002 Consultation

GBBC is delighted to share our consultation response to ESMA’s Consultation on the Technical Standards specifying certain requirements of MiCA (3rd package)

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May 29, 2024

GBBC Response to Bank of England and FCA Digital Securities Sandbox Consultation Paper

GBBC, with the help of our members, is pleased to have submitted a response to the Digital Securities Sandbox consultation paper presented by the Bank of England and Financial Conduct Authority (FCA)

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May 3, 2024

Just the Facts Series: The 'Stable' Divide | USA vs EU Approach to Regulating Stablecoins

GBBC breaks down the key differences between two seminal pieces of stablecoin legislation in the USA and EU

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April 29, 2024

ESMA35-1872330276-1619 Consultation Paper

ESMA consultation paper on Reverse Solicitation and Crypto Asset and Security Token Classification

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April 29, 2024

ESMA75-453128700-52 MiCA Consultation Paper

ESMA consultation paper on guidelines on conditions and criteria for the classification of crypto-assets as financial instruments for MiCA implementation

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January 20, 2024

On the Cusp of Mass-Scale Convergence

GBBC is pleased release our 2024 Annual Report, which showcases the scope of our various initiatives and our members’ work from 2024 as organizations had the opportunity to bring blockchain into the limelight.

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August 30, 2023

Total Value Locked: From DeFi to TradFi

Published Aug. 30, 2023 with Provenance Blockchain

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May 1, 2023

Web3 (Spanish)

Published May 2023 El equipo de GBBC se encuentra encantado de ampliar el alcance y accesibilidad de estos recursos para nuestra comunidad global al presentar estas infografías educativas sobre la Web3 en español.

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May 1, 2023

Web3 (English)

Published May 2023 Web3, the 3rd generation of the Internet, is based on decentralized networks and enabled by using emerging technologies including blockchain, tokenization, AI, metaverse, and more. GBBC members are continuously evaluating how emerging technologies can be utilized to address pressing challenges locally and globally, and identify the solutions offered that are not as easily accessible in Web2.

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January 1, 2023

Driving Positive Change in an Era of Perma Crisis: Resilience Through Real Solutions

GBBC is pleased to showcase the scope of our various initiatives and our members’ work from 2023, embracing the full potential of blockchain and Web3. Read GBBC’s 2023 Annual Report to explore the endeavors of our community and learn more about GBBC’s initiatives from the past year, including the Global Standards Mapping Initiative (GSMI) 4.0, Food for Crisis, our mergers with BITA and USBC, and more.

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April 27, 2022

Part II: The City of The Hague, Netherlands

Published Apr. 27, 2022 with Odyssey and The Hague

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January 1, 2022

Stronger Together: Rebuilding after the Maelstrom of Markets

Published 2022 - ‘Stronger Together: Rebuilding after the Maelstrom of Markets’ explores the endeavors of our community and more about GBBC’s initiatives from the past year, including the Global Standards Mapping Initiative, the launch of Food for Crisis, and more.

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July 17, 2021

Part I: Digital Asset Laws in Switzerland

Published Jun. 17, 2021 with FRORIEP

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January 14, 2021

Part I: Delivering 21st Century Information Security

Published Jan. 14, 2021 with BTP and Taekion

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January 1, 2021

Coming Together: Forging Collaborations in an Era of Profound Change

Published 2021

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December 15, 2020

Part I: The Rise of Central Bank Digital Currencies, Spotlight on Project Bakong

Published Dec. 15, 2020 with SORAMITSU

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May 14, 2020

Utility Tokens and ERC-20 ICOs: Where are we now?

Published May 14, 2020 - This paper discusses utility tokens, their applications, and their role in the blockchain and crypto community, focusing on their use in various sectors, the history of tokens, and the future potential of tokenized systems.

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April 22, 2020

Part II: Legal and Regulatory Challenges

Published Apr. 22, 2020 with Norton Rose Fulbright and PTDL

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March 17, 2020

Part I: The Rise of “Smart Cities"

Published Mar. 17, 2020 with AIFC, Citigate Dewe Rogerson, Los Angeles Blockchain Lab, and NYC Blockchain Center

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January 1, 2020

Chain Reaction: Blockchain Enters the Mainstream

Published 2020

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November 12, 2019

Part I: Voting in the USA - Can Technology Help Defend Democracy?

Published Nov. 12, 2019

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January 1, 2019

Beyond the Hype: Building Blockchain for the Real World

Published 2019

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January 1, 2018

Global Challenges: Blockchain Solutions

Published 2018

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All reports & fact cards →